Compound Elements You Need to Know

 

CH₄ – Methane

 

CH₃OH or CH₄O – Methanol

 

H₂O – Dihydrogen Monoxide (water)  If you forget this one, you are in serious trouble!

 

CO₂  - carbon dioxide

 

CO – Carbon Monoxide

 

NaCl – Sodium Chloride

 

H₂O₂  - Hydrogen Peroxide

 

C₆H₁₂O₆  -Glucose

 

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁  -Sucrose (table sugar)

 

NH₃  - Ammonia

 

NH₄⁺   - Ammonium

 

H₃PO₄  - Phosphoric acid

 

H₂SO₄  - Sulfuric acid

 

HCl – Hydrochloric acid

 

Diatomic Atoms:  Remember, these atoms always travel in pairs WHEN THEY ARE ALONE in an equation.

H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂

 

General questions to ask yourself:

1.  Do you know the difference between ions and isotopes?

2.  Do you know what an oxidation number for an element tells you about that element?

3.  Do you know what elements in the same group/family have in common?

4.  Do you know what elements in the same period have in common?

5.  Do you know what Positive ions are called?  How about negative ions?

6.  Do you know what a positive electrode is called?  How about a negative electrode?

7.  What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust? (what are their respective percentages of abundance to each other.  I'll give you a couple of hints:  DIRT makes up most of the earth.  You need to know the chemical formula for dirt.  Then, once you know that, find the percent composition of each element in dirt!)

8.  What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s Atmosphere? (what are their respective percentages of abundance)

9.  How do you determine the average number of neutrons in an atom?

10.  What’s the difference between:

     a.  atoms and elements

     b.  compounds and molecules

     c.  mixtures and solutions

     d.  ionic and covalent bonds

     e.  isotopes and ions

11.  What's the difference between the way you name a polyatomic ion and the way you name a mono-atomic ion?

12.  What are those Roman numerals for in "Iron (II) Chloride"?

13.  How many liters in a milliliter? How many liters in a dm³?  How  many cm³ in a mL?

14.  What are the units for Density?  For Molarity?  For Atomic mass?

15.  What is Avogadro's number?

16.  Do you know how to recognize significant digits? (see significant digit help on website if not)

    

What are the 5 types of chemical reactions?  Can you identify them if you see the reactants?  Do you know what their products would look like?

 

Do you know that in Combustion reactions, the word "burns" means add Oxygen to the reactants side of the equation?